JAVA:- (Open-source Software)  
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1. Simple/High Level Programming language.
2. C(structure oriented pl),C++(SOPL+OOPS) Programming language.
3. Object Oriented Programming language
4. Java is a pure OOPL.C++ is a partial OOPS.
5. Any programming language is used to develop the applications(software).

1. JAVA is Sun Micro-systems.
2. JAVA is under control of Oracle corp.
3. JAVA invented by James Gosling.

Different types of Applications or Projects:-
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1. Standalone Applications or Desktop Applications (Ex:- Notepad,MS-Office..etc.,)
2. Web Applications or Internet Applications (Ex:- Google,Yahoo,Facebook..etc.,)
3. Enterprise Applications  (Ex:- Banking Applications)
4. Distributed Applications (Ex:- Remote Applications)

JAVA Platform:-
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1. JAVA SE or J2SE(Java 2 Standard Edition) or Core JAVA.
2. JAVA EE or J2EE(Java 2 Enterprise Edition) or Advanced JAVA.
3. JAVA ME or J2ME(Java 2 Mobile or Micro Edition) or Mobile App's.

Applications vs JAVA Platform:-
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1. Standalone Applications ----->> JAVA SE
2. Web Applications       ----->> JAVA SE + JAVA EE
3. Enterprise Applications ---->> JAVA SE + JAVA EE + EJB(Enterprise Java Beans) 
4. Distributed Applications --->> JAVA SE + JAVA EE + EJB(Enterprise Java Beans) or RMI(Remote Method Innvocation)

4. Mobile Applications     ---->> JAVA SE + JAVA ME
   (Anroid, Iphone Applications)
   
Frameworks :-
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1. Struts    --->> Web Applications -- MVC(Model,View and Controller)
2. Spring    --->> Standalone,Web Applications,Enterprise and Distributed Applications
3. Hibernate --->> Database (Back-end data operations)

4. AJAX
5. XML
6. JAVASCRIPT
7. JQUERY
8. HTML
9. DATABASE
10. Web/Application Servers
12. WebServices ******
13. Ant
14. Maven
15. etc.,